What compression removes
Lossy image compression discards the detail your eye is least likely to notice — fine variation in areas of similar colour, and precision in colour rather than brightness, because human vision is far more sensitive to the second. At sensible settings the result is hard to tell from the original; pushed too far, it produces the blocky smearing everyone recognises.
The quality setting decides how much is thrown away, and it is not a percentage of anything. Quality 80 does not mean the image is 80% as good; it means the encoder was told how aggressive to be.
- Photographs compress well
- Gradients and texture are exactly what the format was designed for.
- Screenshots and logos do not
- Hard edges and flat colour are the worst case. Those often come out both larger and visibly worse — a lossless format is the right answer for them.
- Compressing twice compounds
- Each pass discards more, permanently. Always start from the original rather than from a file you compressed last week.